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Objective: To analyze the factors influencing the occurrence of preterm birth among single live birth neonates in Xi'an so as to provide theoretical basis for the prevention of premature infants. Methods: From July to December 2013, a questionnaire survey was conducted among the childbearing aged women, selected through multistage stratified random sampling method in Xi'an from 2010 to 2013. All of the childbearing aged women under study had definite pregnancy outcomes. The Logistic regression model was adopted to analyze the influencing factors of premature infants. Results: The incidence of preterm birth among single live birth neonates in the last pregnancy in Xi'an was 2.81%. From 2010 to 2013, the incidence of preterm birth was 3.51%, 3.13%, 3.18% and 2.21%, respectively, without significant difference (P=0.248). The incidence of premature delivery in Baqiao District, Beilin District, Lianhu District, Xincheng District, and Yanta District was 3.10%, 2.41%, 2.14%, 3.70% and 2.64%, respectively. There was no significant difference (P=0.259). The incidence of premature delivery in urban residents and rural residents was 2.96% and 2.69%, respectively, with no significant difference (P=0.581). Logistic regression results showed that the occupation as workers [OR=4.06, 95% CI (1.69,9.75)], the history of abnormal pregnancy and delivery [OR=10.68, 95% CI (6.92,16.48)], occupational exposure to risk factors [OR=1.96, 95% CI (1.08,3.57)], drinking [OR=6.31, 95% CI(1.21, 32.99)], radiological examination [OR=6.13, 95% CI (1.64,22.85)], PIH [OR=4.80, 95% CI(2.17, 10.61)], and having disease[OR=0.64, 95% CI (0.43,0.95)] during periconception were the influencing factors of premature infants. Conclusion: The incidence of premature infants in Xi'an from 2010 to 2013 was lower than the national average. Factors such as occupation as workers, the history of abnormal pregnancy and delivery, occupational exposure to risk factors, drinking, radiological examination and PIH during periconception can increase the risk of preterm birth.
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Objective: The recurrence of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection directly affects the prevention and treatment of Hp-related diseases, and the recurrence rate varies greatly in different countries and regions. We conducted this study to determine the recurrence rate of Hp infection and its influencing factors in Xi'an. Methods: We enrolled 497 patients receiving successful Hp eradication in the follow-up study. One year after the eradication therapy, 13C-urea breath test (UBT) was performed to calculate its recurrence rate. Meanwhile, a questionnaire survey was performed to analyze the factors affecting the recurrence. Results: ① A total of 422 patients completed 13C-UBT. Among them, 12 patients had recurrence of Hp infection, with an annual recurrence rate of 2.84% (95% CI 1.25%-4.42%). ② Univariate analysis showed that the type of disease, income, hygienic conditions of restaurants, contact with individuals having Hp infection and hospitalization were related to Hp recurrence (P<0.05). ③ Multivariate analysis revealed that low income (OR=3.06, 95% CI 1.24-12.76, P=0.028), poor hygienic conditions of restaurants (OR=9.16, 95% CI 2.65-32.64, P=0.039), contact with individuals having Hp infection (OR=4.27, 95% CI 1.96-13.92, P=0.034) were independent risk factors of Hp recurrence. Conclusion: The recurrence rate of Hp infection in Xi'an is low. Low income, poor hygienic conditions of restaurants and contact with individuals infected with Hp are risk factors for the recurrence.
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OBJECTIVE： To analyze the characteristics of adverse drug reactions/events （ADR/ADE） caused by TCM injections in 18 third grade class A hospitals from Xi’an， and to provide reference for rational drug use in clinic. METHODS： Totally 304 ADR/ADE cases of TCM injection reported by 18 third grade class A hospitals of Xi’an were analyzed statistically during 2013-2018 in respect of gender and ages， time distribution of ADR/ADE， distribution of ADR/ADE-inducing drugs， organs/systems involved in ADR/ADE and clinical manifestations， grading of ADR/ADE， outcome and relationship evaluation， drug combination. RESULTS： Totally 6 683 cases of ADR/ADE cases were reported in same period， 304 cases were caused by TCM injection （4.55％）. Among 304 cases of ADR/ADE， the number of women （162 cases， 53.29％） was slightly higher than that of men （142 cases， 46.71％）. The age of patients was mainly over 40 years old （223 cases， 73.35％）. Among them， 118 cases （38.82％） were over 60 years old. ADR/ADE occurred within 1 min to 10 days after administration， especially within 30 min after administration （123 cases， 40.46％）. ADR/ADE involved 36 varieties， mainly including agent for promoting blood circulation and dredging， agent for reinforcing and tonifying and agent for clearing away heat and detoxification， and Danhong injection accounted for the highest proportion （43 cases， 14.14％）. A total of 352 ADR/ADE case times occurred in 304 patients， mainly lesion of skin and appendents （164 case times， 46.59％）， followed by cardiovascular system lesions （54 case times， 15.34％） and systemic lesions （51 case times， 14.49％）. The main clinical manifestations were mainly pruritus （117 case times）， followed by rash （68 case times） and palpitation （34 case times）. Among 304 ADR/ADE reports， 26 cases （8.55％） were severe， 8 cases （2.63％） were new ADR/ADE， 302 cases （99.34％） were cured or improved， 2 cases （0.66％） were unknown， but none of them died. 266 cases （87.50％） were evaluated as likely to be related. 46 patients （15.13％） had combined use of drugs， including 9 cases of combined use of TCM injection and 37 cases of combined use of chemical medicine injection. CONCLUSIONS： TCM injections had a high incidence of ADR/ADE due to the complexity of their components， individual differences and clinical use. Most of them were rapid-onset ADR/ADE within 30 min and mild ADR/ADE commonly seen in lesion of skin and its appendents. The incidence could be reduced by rational clinical use and drug monitoring. For cardiovascular diseases and other basic diseases， attention should be paid to distinguishing their primary diseases from ADR/ADE caused by TCM injections， and more attention should be paid to their individualized drug use.
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OBJECTIVE: To provide scientific evidence for the further improvement of hospital antibacterial management, the formulation of related management decisions and long-acting mechanism. METHODS: Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) was used to select 8 evaluation indexes as utilization rate of antibiotics in the inpatients to synthetically evaluate the effect of antibacterial management in 10 third grade general hospitals of Xi'an from 2012 to 2016. RESULTS: Results of synthesis evaluation by TOPSIS method showed that the least effect was in 2012 [coefficient of proximity from the object of evaluation to the optimal value (Ci) =0]; the effect of antibacterials management was improved gradually during 2013-2015, and there was the best effect in 2015 (Ci=0. 918 3); but declined in 2016 (Ci=0. 838 5). Only one evaluation index (the rate of microbial examination in the inpatient receiving special use of antibacterials) was improved significantly in the 5 years(P＜0. 01), but there was no statistical significance in the data of other 7 indexes (P＞0. 01). CONCLUSIONS: The effect of antibacterials management in 10 third grade general hospitals of Xi'an was on the rise from 2012 to 2015, but was declined in 2016. It might be slack. A long-acting management mechanism of antibacterial management is needed to be established, in order to consolidate the achievements from "special rectification for clinical antibacterial use" and further improve the normal and dynamic operation of antibacterial management measure. TOPSIS method is objective and comprehensive method for synthesis evaluation of the effect of antibacterial management, and is of significance to antibacterial supervision and use.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for promoting rational drug use and formulating medication policy by health ad-ministrative department. METHODS:The utilization of top 20 adjuvant drugs in the list of consumption sum in 11 tertiary hospitals from Xi’an area during 2013-2015 was analyzed statistically in respects of total consumption sum and constituent ratio,the con-sumption sum of single type,DDDs,DDC,ADR,etc. RESULTS:The total consumption sum and the proportion of adjuvant drugs in 11 tertiary hospitals from Xi’an area increased year by year from 2013 to 2015,accounting for 8.43%,10.25% and 12.20%,respectively. 13 kinds of adjuvant drugs were included in top 20 in the list of total consumption sum from more than 3 hospitals. Deproteinised calf blood serum injection,Alprostadil injection and Danhong injection took up the first 4 places in the list of consumption sum,and Salvianolate for injection took up the first 3 place during 2014-2015. Alprostadil injection,Xueshuantong injection and Spleen peptide oral lyophilized powder took up the first 3 places in the list of DDDs. Spleen polypeptides injection, Yiqi fumai for injection and Cattle encephalon glycoside and ignotin injection took up the first 3 places in the list of DDC,and their DDC were 885.24,372.34 and 349.37 yuan. The incidence of adjuvant drugs-induced ADR increased year by year,increasing from 9.13% of 2013 to 13.49% of 2015. CONCLUSIONS:At present,adjuvant drugs become the important part of clinical drug use in Xi’an area. The consumption sum and amount is increasing rapidly. Great importance should be attached to the rational use and safety of adjuvant drugs so as to control the unreasonable increase of drug expenses.
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Objective To analyze the distribution of clinically isolated pathogenic bacteria in Xi′an area during 2014 and their drug resistant characteristics in order to provide the data of pathogenic bacterial drug resistance for medical pharmaceutical adminis ‐tration departments and clinical rational use of antibacterial drugs .Methods The pathogenic bacteria of nosocomial infections were cultured and isolated by using the routine method .The bacterial species was identified by using the semi‐automatic or full‐automatic bacterial identification and analysis systems .The drug susceptibility test was conducted according to CLSI standards .The data sta‐tistics and analysis were performed by using the WHONET 5 .6 software .Results 31 013 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isola‐ted in 2014 ,including 20 029 strains (64 .58% ) of Gram‐negative bacilli ,9 888 strains (31 .88% ) of Gram‐positive cocci and 1 096 strains (3 .54% ) of fungi ;the top bacteria was E .coli(20 .29% ) ,vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus was not be found ;the resistance rates of Enterococcus faecium and faecalis against Vancomycin were 3 .00% ,1 .00% ,which against to linezolid was 1 .00% ;the generation rates of extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase(ESBLs) in E .coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were 65 .0% and 56 .0% respectively .Conclusion The important pathogenic bacteria ,including MRSA ,vancomycin resistant enterococcus ,carbapen‐em resistant Enterobacteriaceae bacteria ,pan‐drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii ,in nosocomial infection should be performed the intensive monitoring and the communication with clinic should be strengthened in order to make the detection results serve the clinic well .
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Objective:To explore the correlativity between facial morphologic angles of Xi'an youths.Methods:60 Xi'an residents aged 18 -40 years(30 males and 30 females)with normal facial profile,without operation and trauma experience,received 3dMD scaning.12 morphologic angles were measured.Data were statistically analysed by SPSS 19.0 software.The correlative relationship and formulas of facial angles were studied.Results:Nasofrontal angle of the males was larger than that of the females(P 0.05).Correlativity between each pair of 5 angles was concluded by a logic diagram(R≥0.7),the correlativity of 4 pairs was positive and 3 negative.Conclusion:The facial morphologic angles of Xi'an youths are correlated and coordinated.
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OBJECTIVE:To investigate the cognition,evaluation and demands of medical staff to the clinical pharmacy work in the secondary and tertiary medical and health institutions in Xi’an city,and provide reference for further promoting the develop-ment of the local clinical pharmacy work. METHODS:20 secondary and tertiary medical and health institutions in Xi’an city were randomly selected to conduct a random sampling questionnaire for physicians,nurses (senior nurses),pharmacists (non-clinical pharmacist)and other medical technicians. And the results were statistically analyzed. RESULTS:Totally 1 020 questionnaires were sent out,851 were effectively received with effective recovery of 83.4%. 45.9% respondents knew clinical pharmacy,and“Col-league”was the main channel;34.3% thought clinical pharmacy“only maintained normal operation. 74.7% surveyed medical staff,92.6% surveyed pharmacists and 70.6% surveyed physicians thought clinical pharmacists“should”take round with the doc-tors and nurses;44.3% respondents showed“dissatisfaction”and“general satisfaction”with the clinical pharmacy work in their hospitals. 48.5% respondents would take the initiative to consult the clinical pharmacist for medication;45.5% respondents partial-ly accepted the drug information provided by clinical pharmacists. There were significant differences in the investigation results in aspects of respondents’understanding level and channel for clinical pharmacy,cognition for development situation of clinical phar-macy,evaluation for clinical pharmacists participating round,demand for consulting the medication,acceptance for drug informa-tion provided by clinical pharmacists,and other items(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The cognition and effect of clinical pharmacy work on medical staff need to be further strengthened,clinical pharmacists should also have solid clinical knowledge and the knowl-edge of medicine to meet the demand of medical staff in different positions,the acceptance of medical staff to the pharmaceutical care needs to be further improved. Clinical pharmacists should earnestly fulfill their job functions through various efforts to promote rational drug use.
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Objective To establish the clinical reference of serum homocysteine in Xi’an region.Methods 310 cases of serum of healthy persons were collected to test the homocysteine concentrations using Enzyme circulation method.Results Health-y adult male homocysteine value was significantly higher than female and its reference range was:men 0~1 6.3 5μmol/L and women 0~12.89μmol/L.Conclusion Have established the healthy crowd in Xi’an region serum HCY reference for the re-gion’s heart cerebrovascular disease treatment and prognosis.
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Objective To investigate the intentions of pension mode of the aged in the unban and rural of Xi' an,and analyze the possible influential factors in old persons' choices of pension modes.Methods The purposive sampling method was used to survey the old persons about their pension intentions by questionnaire,and the collected information underwent statistical analysis.Results Among 317 old persons aged from 60to 91 years old investigated in the study,145 cases were from urban and 172 from rural area.Most old people intended to choose self-pension mode,family pension mode and community pension mode.Only few people chose institution pension mode.Their favorite pension mode was family pension mode,and institution pension mode was the last one to choose for old people.Community pension mode should be developed mostly in their opinion,and self-pension mode must be reduced.Some essential variables had significant influence on their choices of pension models,such as living in urban or rural,occupation,age,marriage,the incomes per month,family support,habitancy and so on.The result of logistic analysis showed that some other variables had no obvious influence on their pension intentions.Conclusions Old people in Xi'an prefer family pension mode mostly.Community pension mode is the one which has a good developing prospect.Social pension mode need to be intensified.
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Objective To describe the clinical features of patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in popular period and other period.Methods All the HFRS patients from epidemic areas in Xi' an were surveyed retrospectively.The sociodemographic data,symptom characteristics and laboratory test results were collected.Chi-square test,rank test were used to analyze the data.Results Totally 429 HFRS cases were recruited including 280 male (65.3％) and the male/female ratio was 1.9 ∶ 1.Adults with 16-60 years of age were the main group,which accounted for 74.8％ of the total cases.The constituent ratios of cases with 16-60 years of age in popular period and other period were 76.1％ (245/322) and 71.0％ (76/107),respectively; the sex ratios were 1.93∶1 and 1.74∶1,respectively; the time from fever onset to hospitalization was 3 d and 4 d,respectively; the time of hospitalization was both 10 d; the proportions of emergency cases were 59.8％ (189/316) and 67.6％ (71/105),respectively; the proportions of cured cases were 56.4％ (181/321) and 43.4％ (46/106),respectively.The clinical features were not significantly different between popular period and other period (all P＞0.05).The immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody positive rate was 85.4％ (315/369) and those in popular period and other period were 88.4％ (251/ 284) and 75.3％ (64/85),respectively (x2 =8.968,P＜0.01).There was a positive correlation between symptom severity and outcome of discharge (x2=18.558,P＜ 0.01),the more slight symptoms were related with the better outcome.Conclusion The clinical features are similar in cases from popular period and other period from Jan 2008 to Jun 2011.